Carbon Footprint London

Carbon footprint overview: London

London is a major Greater London city with a population of approximately 8,982,000. Like most UK cities, its emissions are driven primarily by buildings, reflecting the city's infrastructure, housing stock, and commuting patterns.

At 5.8 tonnes CO₂e per person per year, London's footprint exceeds the UK national average of 5.5 tonnes. The global average is 4.54 tonnes, while the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C pathway requires per-person emissions of around 2.3 tonnes by 2030.

Key facts about London's emissions

• London's ULEZ covers all 33 boroughs
• The Congestion Charge reduces central traffic
• 25% of London's energy from renewable sources

Main emission sources in London

Across the UK, residential emissions break down roughly as follows — London's pattern is similar, with Buildings as the dominant source:

How to reduce your carbon footprint in London

The most impactful actions for London residents, based on your city's emission profile:

1. Switch transport — London has public transport options including the Underground, buses, and the Elizabeth line. Every car trip replaced by public transport, cycling, or walking reduces your footprint.
2. Green home energy — Switch to a 100% renewable electricity tariff and consider a heat pump to replace a gas boiler. The UK's grid is becoming cleaner every year.
3. Eat less meat — Cutting meat to 3 days a week saves approximately 0.5 tonnes CO₂e per year. Going vegetarian saves around 1.3 tonnes.
4. Fly less — A single return long-haul flight can add 2–4 tonnes to your annual footprint. Video calls and train travel where possible make a significant difference.

Calculate your personal footprint in London

Everyone's footprint is different. Use our free carbon footprint calculator to get your personalised estimate based on your transport, home energy, diet, and lifestyle. No registration needed — all calculations happen in your browser.